AppCmd introduction and examples

The `AppCmd.exe` command is your one-stop-shop for administering Windows Server IIS web servers. In combination with WinRM it's your Swiss Army knife for your daily routine. This post introduces appcmd and provides you with a lot of helpful appcmd examples.
Published on Tuesday, 17 May 2016
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The AppCmd.exe command is your one-stop-shop for administering Windows Server IIS web servers. In combination with WinRM it's your Swiss Army knife for your daily routine. This post introduces appcmd and provides you with a lot of helpful appcmd examples.

IIS server management with AppCmd

AppCmd.exe is a command-line utility to manage Windows Server IIS 7+ web servers. It exposes all important IIS server management functionality available through a set of intuitive management objects that can be manipulated through the cmd.exe or PowerShell command-line, or through PowerShell scripts. It provides the ability to administer and maintain Windows Server IIS editions without a graphical user interface (or GUI), like Windows Server Core for example. Using AppCmd you can administer those IIS servers without the need for writing extensive scripts.

On iis.net you'll find the Getting started with AppCmd.exe, written by Mike Volodarsky, who also created the AppCmd tool.

Some tasks you can use AppCmd.exe for are:

  • Create and configure websites, applications, application pools and IIS virtual directories.
  • Starting and stopping of sites, and recycling application pools.
  • List currently running worker processes and examine currently executing requests
  • Search, manipulate (add, edit, clear / remove), import/export IIS and ASP.NET configurations.
  • ...

In this AppCmd introduction post I'll show you AppCmd examples to administer Internet Information Services (IIS).

AppCmd usage and AppCmd command examples

AppCmd.exe (C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe) uses the following syntaxis for its commands: AppCmd (command) (object-type) <identifier> </parameter1:value1 ...>

Some of AppCmd commands are list, set, add, delete, start and stop. Those commands are used for the following object-types: site, app (application), vdir (virtual directory), apppool (application pool), config, wp (worker process), request, module, backup, trace and binding. Of course not every object-type can be stopped or started, look up the available options using /?:

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe /?
C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe site /?
C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe config /?
C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list apppool /?

Now let's dive into AppCmd with some examples! :-)

List website information

You can use appcmd to list virtual sites and information. The syntax is:

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list SITE <-parameter1:value1 …>

This lists the virtual sites on the machine. The command can be used to find a specific site by using its identifier or url, or match zero or more sites based on the specified site attributes. For example, the following Provides some valuable information about the requested website, the Default Web Site in this case:

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list site "Default Web Site"

The output is:

SITE "Default Web Site" (id:1,bindings:http/*:80:,state:Started)

And this tells us the "Default Web Site" SITE-object has IIS website identifier 1, listens on all configured IP addresses configured for this web server (*), on port 80 and the state of the website is "Started".

List website information with a parameter

By slightly altering the above appcmd list site command, you can list all websites matching a condition. You provide the condition as an AppCmd parameter, for example to list all sites that are in state Stopped:

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list sites /state:Stopped

Now you can start all those websites to make your customers happy. But you may not want to start a site that hasn't got serverAutoStart configured (it must be stopped for a reason then). Let's add that as a condition:

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list sites /serverAutoStart:false /state:Stopped

Stop a website, start a website with AppCmd

Use the following AppCmd commands to stop a website or to start a website. Substitute "example.com" with the website name in question.

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe stop site "example.com"
C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe start site "example.com"

Starting and stopping a website with AppCmd is as easy as that.

Stop, start and recycle application pools

Besides stopping and starting a website, you can use AppCmd to stop an application pool, start an application pool or recycle an application pool (recycling gracefully stops and restarts the applications pool). Once again, substitute "example.com", but now with the application pool name in question.

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe stop AppPool "example.com"
C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe start AppPool "example.com"
C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe start AppPool "example.com" /autoStart:true
C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe recycle AppPool "example.com"

# or, easier usage:
$sitename = 'example.com'
$AppCmd = 'C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe'
$AppCmd stop AppPool "${sitename}"
$AppCmd start AppPool "${sitename}"
$AppCmd start AppPool "${sitename}" /autoStart:true
$AppCmd recycle AppPool "${sitename}"

Start all stopped application pools in a loop

Because AppCmd supports the piping of additional commands, a /xml (or -xml) parameter to generate XML formatted output, and a /in parameter to read and operate on XML input, it's possible to pipe multiple AppCmd commands to start all stopped application pools in a single command / loop.

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list AppPools /state:stopped /xml | AppCmd start AppPool /in
C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list AppPools /state:stopped /autostart:true /xml | AppCmd start AppPool /in

The latter is my favorite. In a nutshell, what this does is:

  1. List all application pools in state Stopped, and generate XML formatted output (/xml)
  2. Pipe that XML output to AppCmd, using /in, which is then fed to the start command.

The last one has a condition /autostart:true meaning, list only application pools that are supposed to be in Started state (because IIS starts an application pool with this setting automatically).

Learn how to set application pools to recycle on specific times, not by regular time interval.

Set Integrated Managed PipelineMode for application pools

IIS 6.0 is now really ancient history, and an application pool set to Classic Pipeline Mode should be as well. Let's force all Classic application pools to Integrated Pipeline Mode:

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list AppPools /xml | AppCmd set AppPool -managedpipelinemode:Integrated /in

In IIS 7, application pools run in one of two modes: integrated mode and classic mode. The application pool mode affects how the server processes requests for managed code. If a managed application runs in an application pool with integrated mode, the server will use the integrated request-processing pipelines of IIS and ASP.NET to process the request. However, if a managed application runs in an application pool with classic mode, the server will continue to route requests for managed code through Aspnet_isapi.dll, which processes requests the same as if the application were running in IIS 6.0.

Most managed applications should run successfully in application pools with integrated mode, but you may have to run applications in classic mode for compatibility reasons. Test the applications that are running in integrated mode first to determine whether you have to use classic mode.

Set a .NET Framework version for an application pool

If your web server hosts ASP.NET applications, you must know which version of the .NET Framework these applications use before you assign them to application pools. IIS 7 preloads the .NET Framework version that is specified for the application pool. Only one version of the .NET Framework can be loaded in an application pool. Applications in the same application pool must therefore use the same .NET Framework version; otherwise, their associated worker processes will not run.

Applications that do not use managed code or enable any managed server modules do not have this requirement. These applications can explicitly state that no version of the .NET Framework should be preloaded.

To change the .NET Framework version that an application pool runs, use the following command syntax:

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe set AppPool /apppool.name:string /managedRuntimeVersion:string

The command quits with a confirmation: APPPOOL object "string" changed.

Use v4.0 or v2.0 as the managedRuntimeVersionstring:

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe set AppPool /apppool.name:saotn.org /managedRuntimeVersion:v4.0

Did you know you can target both 64-bit and 32-bit applications with AppCmd? Learn how to target multiple ASP.NET versions with AppCmd.

PHP FastCGI Settings and configuration

AppCmd also exposes the FastCGI settings and configuration of IIS, allowing you to modify the current PHP fastCgi configuration. I've blogged on more than one occasion about IIS + PHP + fastCgi + AppCmd: here, here.

For all commands below, remember to escape single quotes ' in PowerShell with a back tick `!

You can set or change an fastCgi PHP configuration setting:

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe set config /section:system.webServer/fastCgi /[fullPath='c:\php7\php-cgi.exe'].instanceMaxRequests:10000 /commit:apphost

Suppose instanceMaxRequests was set to 5000, this command updates it to 10000 by overwriting the configuration with the new settings. To add an fastCgi property you can use almost the exact same command. For example if you want to add signalBeforeTerminateSeconds as a property:

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe set config /section:system.webServer/fastCgi
  /[fullPath='c:\php7\php-cgi.exe'].signalBeforeTerminateSeconds:5
  /commit:apphost

Change fastCgi environment variables:

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe set config /section:system.webServer/fastCgi /[fullPath='c:\php7\php-cgi.exe'].environmentVariables.[name='PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS'].value:5001 /commit:apphost

List PHP handler for a website

Use AppCmd.exe to list the configured handler for a website to handle PHP, by name or extension path *.php:

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list config SITENAME /section:handlers /text:[path='*.php'].scriptProcessor
C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list config SITENAME /section:handlers /text:[name='PHP'].scriptProcessor

Add or change a PHP Handler to a website only via AppCmd

You can use the following two appcmd commands to: 1) remove the current PHP handler for a website, and 2) add a new one:

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe set config "example.com" -section:system.webServer/handlers /-"[name='PHP']"
C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe set config "example.com" -section:system.webServer/handlers /+"[name='PHP',path='*.php',verb='',modules='FastCgiModule',scriptProcessor='c:\php7\php-cgi.exe',resourceType='File', requireAccess='Script']"

Return to the default web server configuration:

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe clear config "example.com" -section:system.webServer/handlers

Remove PHP fastCgi handler in IIS using AppCmd

To completely remove an fastCgi handler from the FastCGI Settings, for example for PHP 5.4, use:

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe set config /section:system.webServer/fastCgi
  /-"[fullPath='c:\php54\php-cgi.exe']"
  /commit:apphost

If you want to delete its IIS handler, use:

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe clear config /section:handlers -[name='PHP']

Don't forget to create an IIS configuration backup first.

List application pool username and password

An application pool often is configured to run as an unprivileged user. The Application Pool Identity is set to a custom account instead of a built-in account. You can lookup the application pool credentials using these two commands:

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list AppPool "example.com" /text:processModel.username
C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list AppPool "example.com" /text:processModel.password

Create a website using AppCmd

To use AppCmd to create a website, you can use, and extend, the following example:

C:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe add site /name:"example.com"
  /id:821398 /physicalPath:"c:\Inetpub\wwwroot\examplecom"
  /limits.maxconnections:1000
  /serverAutostart:true

This creates a website called "example.com", with IIS identifier 821398, it uses c:\Inetpub\wwwroot\examplecom as its physical path. A limit of 1000 simultaneous connections is set, as is the Autostart property.

In earlier blog posts I provided some more examples to create application pool and websites with AppCmd: Add websites and application pools to IIS 7.5, 8.0 with PowerShell, in a for loop.

AppCmd with WinRM

I mentioned WinRM, or Windows Remote Management, in the introduction of this article. You can use all these AppCmd commands with WinRM on remote web serves. Neat! :-) An example is to conditionally start Application Pools on remote IIS web servers.

This is ideal for central IIS management situations.